Gluconeogenesis
Definition
A metabolic pathway in which the liver produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, including amino acids, lactate, and glycerol. Gluconeogenesis maintains blood glucose during fasting, overnight sleep, and extended exercise when glycogen stores are depleted. CGM users following low-carbohydrate diets often observe stable glucose from hepatic gluconeogenesis rather than dietary carbohydrate input, which explains why blood sugar does not drop to zero even during prolonged fasting.
Why “Gluconeogenesis” Matters for Glucose Monitoring
Understanding gluconeogenesis is essential for anyone using or evaluating a continuous glucose monitor. This concept directly affects how CGM devices are designed, how glucose data is interpreted, and how clinical decisions about blood sugar management are made.
This term applies broadly across all continuous glucose monitors and is foundational knowledge for interpreting CGM data, whether you are managing diabetes or using a sensor for metabolic wellness.
Related Terms
The stored form of glucose found primarily in the liver (approximately 100 grams) and skeletal muscles (approximately 400 grams).
A natural rise in blood glucose that occurs between approximately 3:00 AM and 8:00 AM, triggered by the body's circadian release of cortisol, growth hormone, and other counter-regulatory hormones that stimulate hepatic glucose production.
The three categories of nutrients that provide calories and energy: carbohydrates (4 cal/g), proteins (4 cal/g), and fats (9 cal/g).